The parotid glands —located inside the mouth just in front of each ear— are responsible for producing and secreting saliva, which aids in digestion and helps maintain oral health. But due to several factors, one can develop parotid gland-related issues such as parotid tumours, persistent infections, or other conditions. These may necessitate a major surgical procedure that involves the gland’s removal: a parotidectomy.
However, the parotid gland is close to critical facial structures, including the facial nerve. Known as the seventh cranial nerve, this nerve controls most of the muscles involved in facial expressions. Therefore, its intricate relationship with the parotid gland adds a level of complexity to any surgical intervention involving the gland. It is crucial to preserve the integrity of the facial nerve during a parotidectomy, and the ability to do so is often a hallmark of an experienced surgeon.
Pre-operative Consultation
The journey towards a parotidectomy begins with a comprehensive consultation. During this meeting, your surgeon will review your complete medical history, perform a detailed physical examination, and may also order imaging studies or a biopsy. These diagnostic tests are instrumental in understanding the nature of the condition and planning the surgical approach. During this consultation, you must also discuss any medications or supplements you’re currently taking, your allergies, and any past experiences with anaesthesia. This information guarantees a safe and effective treatment plan tailored specifically to your needs.
Diagnosis and Treatment Plan
After a clear and firm diagnosis, your surgeon will set a treatment plan that considers the specifics of your condition and your overall health status. The pathologies that often necessitate a parotidectomy range from benign tumours like pleomorphic adenomas, which are generally not life-threatening, to malignant or cancerous conditions such as mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The nature and extent of your disease will also determine whether a superficial (partial removal of the gland) or total parotidectomy is indicated.
Pre-Operative Preparations
Pre-surgery, your doctor might advise you to adjust your dosage of—or even completely stop taking—certain medications. This will be very important, especially if you are at an increased risk of bleeding. Fasting may also be required for a specified duration prior to surgery to reduce the risk of complications from anaesthesia. But beyond these physical preparations, preparing yourself mentally is also a critical part of the pre-operative process—helping calm you down to minimise possible issues later on.
The Surgical Procedure
Parotidectomy is performed under general anaesthesia, meaning you’ll be unconscious throughout the operation, possibly lasting anywhere from 2 to 5 hours. The surgery begins with the careful creation of an incision in the skin around the ear, extending towards the neck. The incision site and size are carefully chosen to minimise visible scarring. The surgeon then meticulously dissects and removes the affected parotid tissue, all the while carefully preserving the facial nerve. If ever the facial nerve is involved with a malignant tumour, a portion of the nerve may need to be removed. In these cases, reconstructive options will be discussed as well.
Post-Operative Care in the Hospital
Once the surgery is complete, expect to be closely monitored in the recovery room as the anaesthesia wears off. This immediate post-operative period is crucial for the medical team to assess your initial recovery and detect any immediate complications. If you experience any pain, swelling, or numbness, there isn’t a need to worry. These are to be expected following surgery, but should still be managed by appropriate medications to keep you as comfortable as possible.
One common aspect of post-operative care is the placement of a drain at the surgical site to prevent fluid build-up. The small tube helps collect excess fluid that might accumulate in the surgical area, which is a normal response of the body to surgery. This drain is typically removed within a couple of days when the drainage decreases.
Recovery at Home
Upon discharge from the hospital, you will continue your recovery process at home. Detailed instructions will be given about wound care, which is a critical aspect of recovery. This includes keeping the area clean and dry, and observing for any signs of infection such as increased pain, swelling, redness, or discharge.
Your surgeon will also prescribe pain medications and possibly antibiotics to help manage pain and prevent infection. Be sure to take these as instructed. Activity restrictions are also common following a parotidectomy. Initially, it is advisable to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting. Your doctor will guide you on when it would be safe to resume normal activities and exercises.
Temporary changes in facial movement and sensation are also common after parotidectomy due to nerve manipulation during surgery. Some patients may likewise experience a change in taste, which generally improves over time.
Potential Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, a parotidectomy carries potential risks and complications. These can include infection, bleeding, or formation of a seroma (a pocket of clear serous fluid). There’s also the possibility of developing Frey’s syndrome, a condition characterised by sweating and flushing in the cheek area during eating. While this is a relatively rare complication, it can be managed effectively if it occurs.
One of the primary concerns or possible complications with parotidectomy is facial nerve injury, which can cause temporary or permanent facial weakness or asymmetry. And while surgeons will attempt to perform the procedure with utmost care, it may be unavoidable in certain circumstances—especially when dealing with malignant tumours.
Follow-Up Appointments
Your post-operative journey will include follow-up appointments with your surgeon. These visits are an opportunity for the surgeon to assess the surgical site, monitor your recovery progress, and manage any complications. The wound will be examined, and sutures will be removed if necessary. If a biopsy was taken, this is often the time when results would be discussed.
Follow-ups are also the perfect time to discuss any concerns or issues you might be facing. Changes in facial sensation, movement, or taste should be discussed with your healthcare provider. It’s essential to report any unusual symptoms promptly, such as persistent pain, weakness, or signs of infection.
While parotidectomy is a complex procedure, it’s a well-established surgery performed routinely by skilled surgeons worldwide. If you’re feeling anxious, it’s best to always maintain open communication with your healthcare provider and ensure you raise any concerns or questions you have. The ultimate goal is to ensure not only a successful procedure, but also to have a good quality of life afterwards.
Thanks for your continued love and appreciation for our media. We love to collaborate with brands and we love to get feedback from our readers. Did you check our platform “SocialMediaMomSG” for mompreneurs, local brands and ladies?
Drop a line on [email protected] / [email protected] or Click here to get in touch with us. Happy to connect!